The Roles of Greek and Roman Women Essay - 1665 Words

Greek and Roman women lived in a world where strict gender roles were given; where each person was judged in terms of compliance with gender-specific standards of conduct. Generally, men were placed above women in terms of independence, control and overall freedom. Whereas men lived in the world at large, active in public life and free to come and go as they willed, womens lives were sheltered. Most women were assigned the role of a homemaker, where they were anticipated to be good wives and mothers, but not much of anything else. The roles of women are thoroughly discussed in readings such as The Aeneid, Iliad, Sappho poetry, and Semonides essay. Most women in ancient Rome were viewed as possessions of the men who they lived†¦show more content†¦A man could divorce his selected wife for any reason that he desired, though if the reason was other than adultery then the man was forced to give up one half of his property to his wife. Greek woman were possessions to society as well, they had limited freedom, but could not own any property because they were not considered citizens. The Greek and Roman societies were a very patriarchal society. This is reflected throughout the myths in classical mythology. By looking at the many pieces of literature involving Greeks and Romans we will see that the roles women portrayed are very different from women’s roles in today’s society. Although there are a few similarities to women’s roles in today’s society, their roles are more like those women in the past. We can see this by looking at the qualities of Greek and Roman female gods and looking at the roles women play in the myths. In the Aeneid the Roman poet Virgil presents many different people that play roles in the life of Aeneas. From gods and goddesses to mortal men and women, every personality has some precise part to play in Aeneas impersonal fate. Of the many different characters, several are women. In fact, after reading the Aeneid it becomes clear that women play a particularly large role in Aeneas life. From Juno to Venus, and Penelope to Lavinia, women seem to directly affect Aeneas destiny for good or for worse. However, one can also see thatShow MoreRelatedWomen s Influence On Women1545 Words   |  7 Pageshistory until about the last couple century’s women have had not as many rights compared to their male counter parts and this was especially evident in the ancient world. However women had more rights in places for example they had a bigger role in society compared to that of Greek women in ancient Greece. Women were cogs in a patriarchal dominated society woman were very much under t heir husbands control according to law and the most important role of women was to raise the children and work at theRead MoreWomen And Roman Religion And Its Impact On Society Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesThe female role in Greek and Roman religion and its impact on society Throughout the ancient world, the aspects to which a successful society thrive under have been skewed, except for that of religion. Although a universal religion has never been adopted, most empires tend to follow a basic outline similar to one another. In relation to Greeks and Romans, this ideology still holds true. Religion between these two societies have had their differences, but for the most part they have kept the sameRead MoreGreek Women And Roman Women1102 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity† by Sarah B. Pomeroy The title of this book, â€Å"Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves† is written in order of the ranking of women. In classical antiquity, in some aspects, a whore had more freedom and rights than a married upper-class woman. This alone is evidence of the degree that women in classical antiquity were oppressed. Classical Greek Athenian women and Roman women had similarities in their life styles and expectations toRead MoreRole Of Women In Ancient Greece712 Words   |  3 PagesThe role of woman in ancient Greece: Greek Woman was considered to be submissive which means once you are married to a woman, then she is in your full control. The woman in ancient was not allowed to own the property, in one way we can also relate that the woman had fewer rights than the man because they could hardly express their feeling. The woman was not considered as the citizens. But in the Spartan society, the woman had a dignified position just because they were the mother of the famousRead MoreThe Greek And Roman Civilizations830 Words   |  4 Pages . The Greek and Roman Civilizations were quite similar in their Art, their Women’s Rights, and their Geographic location. The Greek believed their painted, sculpted and carved depictions of the people should be absolutely perfect. Especially the men. They found that the physical form was most pleasing to the eye and wanted to accentuate that beauty and deliver it through art. They sought out to present infinite elegance. Flawless statues and paintings showed men and women in their mostRead MoreRoman Achievements and Contributions1571 Words   |  7 PagesRoman Achievements Jigsaw Background: The period of great cultural achievements for the Roman Empire is referred to as the Pax Romana, or â€Å"Peace of Rome.† Beginning after the Republican Wars in 27 B.C., and lasting to about 180 A.D., this era was marked by general tranquility and unity across the empire. By this time, Rome had overtaken most of the Mediterranean world and had spread its culture. Family Religion The family was the basic unit of Roman society. Under Roman law, the male headRead MoreThe Greeks Were Deeply Religious People1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe Greeks were deeply religious people. They worshiped many Gods who they believed appeared in human like form and yet had superhuman strength including ageless beauty. The â€Å"Iliad† and the â€Å"Odyssey,† were cultures earliest surviving examples of Greek literature that told stories of men encountering with a variety of Gods and goddesses. Roman Religion was more practical and less poetical than the Greek religion was however; they both had similar roles and duties. â€Å"The Greek religion was more of someRead MoreDepiction of Etruscan and Roman Women in History1563 Words   |  7 Pageslot of contact with the Greeks that reflect in much of the Etruscan works of art. The distinction in Etruscan art and Greek art is clearly seen through the Etruscan representation of couples in art. The pieces in this collect ion will attempt to show how women in Etruscan society enjoyed a liberal lifestyle in contrast to Greek and Roman counterparts. Etruscan women were adorned with lavish jewels, had a public life and accompanied their husbands at banquets. Etruscan women were affectionate mothersRead MoreThe Greek And Roman Religion1315 Words   |  6 Pages The Greek and Roman religions were the two major religions that were established in the ancient world. Greek religion was the first to be recognized and instituted, followed by the Roman religion. Many people believed that the Romans mimicked the Greek religion; however this was a common misconception, even though they appeared to be the same there are many distinctions between the Romans and the Greeks. Even the similarities between the two religions had slight distinctions, like their gods, theyRead MoreThe Value of Physical Education to the Ancient Greeks and Romans1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe Value of Physical Education to the Ancient Gree ks and Romans Throughout history, society has placed a different value on physical education and sport. The purpose of physical education has changed over different time periods and as a result of ever-changing socio-cultural events. Some civilizations use the practice of physical education to prepare for war, some for profit, and some for a general all-around development. Three ancient cultures are of particular importance to development of

A Guide to a Painless Undergrad Econometrics Project

Most economics departments require second- or third-year undergraduate students to complete an econometrics project and write a paper on their findings. Many students find that choosing a  research topic  for their required  econometrics  project is just as difficult as the project itself.  Econometrics is the application of statistical and  mathematical theories  and perhaps some computer science to economic data. The example below shows how to use  Okuns law  to create an econometrics project. Okuns law refers to how the nations output—its  gross domestic product—is related to employment and unemployment. For this econometrics project guide, youll test whether Okuns law holds true in America. Note that this is just an example project—youll need to chose your own topic—but the explanation shows how you can create a painless, yet informative, project using a basic statistical test, data that you can easily obtain from the U.S. government, and a computer spreadsheet program to compile the data. Gather Background Information With your topic chosen, start by gathering background information about the theory youre testing by doing a   t-test. To do so, use the  following function:   Yt 1 - 0.4 Xt Where:Yt  is the change in the unemployment rate in percentage pointsXt  is the change in the percentage growth rate in real output, as measured by real GDP So you will be estimating the model:  Yt b1 b2 Xt Where:Yt is the change in the unemployment rate in percentage pointsXt is the change in the percentage growth rate in real output, as measured by real GDPb1 and b2 are the parameters you are trying to estimate. To estimate your parameters, you will need data. Use  quarterly economic data  compiled by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, which is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. To use this information, save each of the files individually. If youve done everything correctly, you should see something that looks like this  fact sheet  from the BEA, containing quarterly GDP results. Once youve downloaded the data, open it in a spreadsheet program, such as Excel. Finding the Y and X Variables Now that youve got the data file open, start to look for what you need. Locate the data for your Y variable. Recall that Yt  is the change in the unemployment rate in percentage points. The change in the unemployment rate in percentage points is in the column labeled UNRATE(chg), which is column I. By looking at column A, you see that the  quarterly unemployment rate  change data runs from  April 1947 to October 2002  in cells G24-G242, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics figures. Next, find your X variables. In your model, you only have one X variable, Xt, which is the change in the percentage growth rate in real output as measured by real GDP. You see that this variable is in the column marked GDPC96(%chg), which is in Column E. This data runs from April 1947 to October 2002 in cells E20-E242. Setting Up Excel Youve identified the data you need, so you can compute the regression coefficients using Excel. Excel is missing a lot of the features of more sophisticated econometrics packages, but for doing a simple linear regression, it is a useful tool. Youre also much more likely to use Excel when you enter the real world than you are to use an econometrics package, so being proficient in Excel is a useful skill. Your Yt  data is in cells G24-G242 and your Xt  data is in cells E20-E242. When doing a linear regression, you need to have an associated X entry for every Yt  entry and vice-versa. The Xts in cells E20-E23 do not have an associated Yt  entry, so you will not use them. Instead, you will use only the Yt  data in cells G24-G242 and your Xt  data in cells E24-E242. Next, calculate your regression coefficients (your b1  and b2). Before continuing, save your work under a different filename so that  at any time, you can revert back to your original data. Once youve downloaded the data and opened Excel, you can calculate your regression coefficients. Setting Excel Up for Data Analysis To set up Excel for data analysis, go to the tools  menu on the top of the screen and find Data Analysis. If  Data Analysis  is not there, then youll have to  install it. You cannot do regression analysis in Excel without the Data Analysis ToolPak installed. Once youve selected  Data Analysis  from the  tools  menu, youll see a menu of choices such as Covariance and F-Test Two-Sample for Variances. On that menu, select Regression. Once there, youll see a form, which you need to fill in. Start by filling in the field that says Input Y Range. This is your unemployment rate data in cells G24-G242. Choose these cells by typing $G$24:$G$242 into the little white box next to  Input Y Range  or by clicking on the icon next to that white box then selecting those cells with your mouse.  The second field youll need to fill in is the Input X Range. This is the percent change in GDP data in cells E24-E242. You can choose these cells by typing $E$24:$E$242 into the little white box next to  Input X Range  or by clicking on the icon next to that white box then selecting those cells with your mouse. Lastly, you will have to name the page that will contain your regression results. Make sure you have New Worksheet Ply selected, and in the white field beside it, type in a name like Regression. Click OK. Using the Regression Results You should see a tab at the bottom of your screen called  Regression  (or whatever you named it) and some regression results. If youve gotten the intercept coefficient between 0 and 1, and the x variable coefficient between 0 and -1, youve likely done it correctly. With this data, you have all of the information you need for analysis including R Square, coefficients, and standard errors. Remember that you were attempting to estimate the intercept coefficient b1  and the X coefficient b2. The intercept coefficient b1  is located in the row named Intercept and in the column named Coefficient. Your slope coefficient b2  is located in the row named X variable 1 and in the column named Coefficient. It will likely have a value, such as BBB and the associated standard error DDD. (Your values may differ.) Jot these figures down (or print them out) as you will need them for analysis. Analyze your regression results for your term paper by doing  hypothesis testing on this sample t-test. Though this project focused on Okuns Law, you can use this same kind of methodology to create just about any econometrics project.

Oppression in Sinclairs The Jungle and Steinbecks The...

Oppression in Sinclairs The Jungle and Steinbecks The Grapes Of Wrath In The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair, and The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, the characters are forced with economic, social, and political problems that they must cope with throughout the story. Both books are similar in that they emphasize that in this country, one simply cannot win unless they play by nature’s rules. The economic problems of both stories were great. Jurgis (The Jungle) wishes to go to America to get rich. Buying a house stresses the whole idea of animals to have something that is theirs. This is also shown with the Joads. They go to California in search of money and something of their own as well. Both, however, are faced with strong†¦show more content†¦There was also no set wages. They could pay them as little or as much as they wanted to. The Joads had a very similar situation that is complicated by the Great Depression. People took advantage of the fact that they were desperate for work by paying them pocket change. Socially, there is one thing that both of them are looking for; that is acceptance. No matter where they went, they were discriminated against. In Chicago, Jurgis and his â€Å"people† are preyed upon by the higher classes because they are new to this country. They do not have the â€Å"know all† that the other Americans have. For this reason, the disreputable executives of Packingtown use them to better themselves. For example, Phil Connor uses poor Ona for his own sexual pleasure. Fair†¦ I think not. Politics are a great part of both novels, but specifically plague The Jungle. Each novel emphasizes that no matter how hard you try you can’t succeed unless you are unjust. It is known that both Steinbeck and Sinclair were Socialists. Their writings strongly emphasize this in that they stress they stress the demeaning of capitalism. In The Jungle, Sinclair does not mention any benefits of a capitalistic society. An example of this is Jurgis’ continuous struggle as the working man, and harmony in being a selfish and deceitful swindler. In conclusion, our two authors give a vivid picture of ourShow MoreRelated Exposing Capitalism in Upton Sinclairs The Jungle Essay2080 Words   |  9 PagesExposing Capitalism in The Jungle      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While the works of Upton Sinclair are not widely read today because of their primacy of social change rather than aesthetic pleasure, works like The Jungle are important to understand in relation to the society that produced them.   Sinclair was considered a part of the muckraking era, an era when social critics observed all that was wrong and corrupt in business and politics and responded against it.   The Jungle was written primarily as a harsh indictment

John F. Kennedy The Man Behind The President - 1561 Words

John F. Kennedy: The Man behind the President John F. Kennedy changed America in a way in which no President had done before. His election was the beginning of a term that would be one of the most memorable and one of the most tragic in the history of United States Presidents. However, to fully understand John F. Kennedy’s term, and why it was so influential, we must first look into who he was as a person. The understanding of John F. Kennedy can be found in his childhood, his presidency, his death and his contributions to society. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, on September 6, 1888, Joseph Patrick Kennedy was the son of Mary Hickey and Patrick Joseph Kennedy, an important figure in the Irish community of Boston. Familiarly known as P.J., Patrick J. Kennedy had risen from common laborer to highly successful businessman, and was eventually instrumental in the organization of two different Boston financial institutions, the Columbia Trust Company and the Sumner Savings Bank. Early on, Patrick J. Kennedy had also entered politics, and Joseph, his first child, was born during P.J. s third term in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. Patrick J. Kennedy also served in the Massachusetts Senate, but his enduring political power was in the unofficial capacity of a ward boss who held sway in the East Boston Ward 2 for more than thirty year All though American’s knew him as John F. Kennedy, when he was little, his family and friends called him Jack. Born on May 29thShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Forgive Your Enemies, But Never Forget Their Names.† –John1302 Words   |  6 Pagestheir names.† –John F Kennedy This quote was said by a man who was once someone that the American people would call the 35th President of the United States. John F. Kennedy was a very young President, as well as a very good looking president. Women would swoon over the idea of John F. Kennedy but also be jealous of his wife that he was married to at the time. John F. Kennedy is well known for his affair with Marilyn Monroe the world’s leading bombshell blonde in the 1960’s. This President is also wellRead MoreOn May 29, 1917, Brookline, Massachusetts, Mr. John Frederick806 Words   |  4 PagesBrookline, Massachusetts, Mr. John Frederick Kennedy was born. John F Kennedy was one of nine children born to Joseph and Rose Kennedy(a very wealthy family). His father Joseph Kennedy was a businessman and politician while his mother Rose Kennedy was a philanthropist and socialite. Due to his family’s wealth, John F Kennedy s education was more than respectable, attending many private schools since g rade school. Once it was time for higher education John F Kennedy briefly attended Princeton UniversityRead MoreCritical Analysis Of John F Kennedy994 Words   |  4 Pagesrevolution and the Vietnam war protest. Among the figures that helped shape this revolution is John F. Kennedy; he is widely perceived as a man whom reflected the ideals and aspirations of that era. However, this sentiment was not shared among each and all. As a result, on November 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated while participating in a presidential campaign in Dallas, Texas. In many ways, John F. Kennedys assassination strengthened his status as an American symbol. His sudden deathRead MoreThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy1076 Words   |  4 Pagesassassination of John F. Kennedy is one of the most controversial and debated topics in American History. JFK was one of the most beloved presidents of our time. It was November 22, 1963 when JFK was assassinated. Unlike previous presidential assa ssinations, the JFK assassination is the most conspiracies of all time. The theories are the Government cover up, Mafia influence and Cuban President Fidel Castro. Imagine one person can do all this planning which Lee Harvey Oswald. There is no way that one man can doRead MoreThe Leadership Styles of John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagespaper will compare are John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan I is in my opinion that these two United State of American Presidents were and are historical leaders. John Fitzgerald Kennedy often referred to as JFK was the 35th President of the United States of America and served in this capacity from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Kennedy served before his presidency as Massachusetts’s 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953. Kennedy also served in the URead MoreJohn F. Kennedy: A Legacy Never Forgotten1377 Words   |  6 Pages Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names(Brainy Quotes). John F Kennedy said this during one of his speeches, and ironically no one will ever forget the name of the person who murdered him, Lee Harvey Oswald, an enemy of the American Public. When Kennedy ran for office, he had to seem like the more experienced candidate and appeal to all of the people. During his speeches, Kennedy engaged his audiences and they hung on his every word. However, the tragic event of his assassinationRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Speech1361 Words   |  6 PagesJohn F. Kennedy Kennedy’s inaugural speech was remembered in the lines â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country†. Kennedy’s speech resounded all over the United States inspiring the American nation to change, prosper and grow. He reassured the citizens of their nation’s strength and gave the people a sense of security. As the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy was known for many accomplishments such as the establishment of the Peace CorpsRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy1675 Words   |  7 Pagesgo to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.† (Great Speeches Volume 27: John F. Kennedy, 2012). President John F. Kennedy delivered this infamous speech in the football stadium at Rice University in Houston, Texas on that very day. President Kennedy’s reason for his delivery of this speech was to address the sta te of our Nation’s Space Effort. The citizens of the United States of America were in quite a stateRead MoreThe Assassination Lee Harvey Oswald Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough Dallas, Texas. President Kennedy sat with his wife waving at the crowds of spectators when three shots were fired. President Kennedy had been shot in the back and head. The president was then rushed to the nearest hospital, four miles away. John F. Kennedy was pronounced dead at 1.30pm, just an hour after the assassination at 46 years of age. He died of a wound in the brain caused by one of the bullets. Vice President Lyndon Johnson, who had been only three cars behind the president’s vehicleRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy1376 Words   |  6 PagesLee Harvey Oswald and the assassination of President John F. Kennedy November 22, 1963 (Jennings), a day that changed American history, and a day that’s events still haunt the nation of freedom and liberty. Whether it be Jacqueline Kennedy’s pained cries or the hoodless limousine, a piece of this day in history lies in every American’s mind. The assassination of President John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States of America (Bugliosi 11), to this day has several conspiracies

Women in Ancient Greece Free Essays

Behind every great man there is a great woman. The woman being the mother and wife of the household, the caretaker and glue that held things together while the man was the â€Å"breadwinner†, this was an ideal that held true throughout history only until recent years. In Ancient Greece, women held an obligation to their house and husband, they were property in a sense, but at the same time they almost held an important position of power, only it was hidden behind the veil of the home life. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Ancient Greece or any similar topic only for you Order Now While they were reliant upon their husbands, it can be viewed that it was the females that helped their husbands and sons obtain the positions that they held, for good or bad. The female role of power in Greece varied from slave to queen, the woman’s role was the important but often subservient glue that was meant to keep the family together. Greek culture did not have to write down what was expected of women of the ancient time, because the men in society spent the entirety of a female’s life leaving their impressions of how they were meant to behave. Analyzing the work of various philosophers and writers, women were viewed as tools of the household, as the glue that held the household. However women were not considered anything outside of that, and were expected to remain in the household and tend to the children. The wives and mothers were at the center of the household, even when the husband was home. The husband would have seniority in the household, but when he was gone, the women were in charge of everything, including the slaves and the children. While the men were gone, the women were meant to follow a stern set of rules in order to avoid being seen with the suspicion and gossiped about by her neighbors. The women of Ancient Greece sought to please their husbands and everything described to be a â€Å"good wife†. If they feel that another woman has been unfaithful, even if she simply let her husband’s friend into their house when he isn’t home, the other women will talk and attempt to ruin the reputation of the woman. How to cite Women in Ancient Greece, Essay examples

Metaphysical Poetry Essay Example For Students

Metaphysical Poetry Essay This study guide has been written for students taking ICE Advanced level English literature. It is suitable for undergraduates and the general reader who is interested In the study of poetry. This guide was originally written to cover a selection of poems prescribed as a set text for exam, but can be used as a way In to the study of metaphysical poetry generally. The poems considered explicitly here are these: by John Done, The Good-Morrow, The Sunned Rising, The Anniversaries, The Connotation, A Valediction Forbidding Mourning and A Nocturnal upon S. Lucile Day by George Herbert, Jordan (lb The Pearl, The Collar, Discipline and Love (Ill) by Andrew Marvel, The Coronet, Bermuda, To His Coy Mistress, The Definition of Love and The Garden by Henry Vaughan, The Retreat, The World, Man and They Are All Gone Into the World of Light On an Advanced level course you should study your chosen text (here a range of poems) In very close detail. In preparing for an exam you need to learn to see the whole wood, rather than look at individual trees. Detailed notes on poems or line-by-line cribs will not be given here. If you want such commentaries they can be found In,for example, John Done and Eight Metaphysical Poets (both published by Henchman) and In A Readers Gulled to the Metaphysical Poets by George Williamson (Thames and Hudson). If you want a close reading of the work of one of these poets, then try my guide to the George Herbert. Click on the link below to open this. Go to guide on George Herbert poetry Back to top What is a metaphysical poem? The term metaphysical when applied to poetry has a long and interesting history. You should know this, but the information in Helen Gardeners Introduction to The Metaphysical Poets (Penguin)ls more than adequate. Luckily, you have no time In an exam for a lengthy discussion. The examiner wants to see you discuss the text. Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man, but the Intelligence, learning and seriousness of the poets means that the poetry Is about the profound areas of experience especially ; about love, romantic and sensual: about Nans relationship with God the eternal perspective, and, to a less extent, about pleasure, learning and art. Metaphysical poems are lyric poems. They are brief but Intense meditations, characterized by striking use of wit, irony and wordplay.

I intend to analyse and describe how Baz Luhrmann has converted William Shakespeares written play Essay Example For Students

I intend to analyse and describe how Baz Luhrmann has converted William Shakespeares written play Essay In this essay I intend to analyse and describe how Baz Luhrmann has converted William Shakespeares written play of Romeo Juliet into a modern play, I will show proof and understanding of how he has succeeded in bringing the play into the modern world. The play Romeo Juliet is known as a legendary romantic play written by a well-known writer named William Shakespeare. This writer reformed the interest in poetry and plays, by experimenting with words and making his own technique of back-to-front words to mystify and play with the readers mind and thoughts, which made his plays interesting for readers, this is how he changed English history and people appreciate his plays. William Shakespeare was born in 1564, the time when the famous scientist named Galileo was experimenting with modernism. At the time of this famous writers birth, after a few years the Battle of Lepanto started. During the birth of the writer in China the Ming Dynastys pottery work was taking place. Shakespeares birth was at a famous time as this was the time when the Renaissance was occurring. The Renaissance was the rebirth of ancient culture and the period of when the European history had a renewed interest in arts. Literally the term renaissance means the rebirth, and this rebirth started in the 14th century and started spreading till the 17th century. From all these events taking place, it can be determined how Shakespeares childhood would have been as everything was still in the process of formation and rebirth. Shakespeare would have been an ordinary person taking over his fathers business, which did not happen because of financial situations. As Shakespeare got older he was devoted to English literature, in 1582 he got married to a women named Anne Hathaway, but after his marriage his devotion to literature increased and he came London in 1588, where he had all the opportunities he needed to become famous. In 1592 he attained success and became an actor and a playwright, after three years of success he wrote the famous play Romeo Juliet. Each play written by Shakespeare has a particular point, which it tries to make to the audience and this point is made to resemble with the real life themes. As Shakespeare wrote more and more plays he got famous and most of his plays where acted out and presented at the London Globe theatre. The Globe theatre was a very famous theatre in Shakespeares time, this theatre was octagon in shape and it was divided into three columns, each column higher then the previous one. People where allowed to choose which seat they want and in which column, depending on how much money they are going to spend on their ticket. There was the groundling level, and then the column levels and as the columns went up the better the view was and the more the ticket would costs. The main best features of the theatre was the trap door, the balcony and the unique shape of the theatre, whenever there was a play being presented a flag would be risen up located at the top of the theatre. After William Shakespeare wrote a series of plays he tragically died in 1616 and he was buried at the Stratford church, but his plays are still acted out and appreciated by people. Even though Shakespeares not in the modern world, his plays are being presented in the modern world and other writers and directors are making evaluated versions of his plays, trying to reform the plays in the modern world, and Baz Luhrmann is one of the reformers of his play. THE PROLOGUE In the opening of the play Romeo Juliet, Shakespeare makes the play clear to the audience by giving the audience a preview of where the scene is set, who is the main characters or in this play the main families starring in the play, and he makes it clear that two star-crossed lovers die in the play. Shakespeare does this through the use of a prologue, but he could not use techniques or special effects, which would entertain and be appealing to the audience, which is why he has used powerful and imaginative words to create interesting abrupt sentences. He has used words that are likely to attract the audience, words such as: Alike, a hypocritical word used to describe the two households as being similar in manner, but in the story it is revealed of how different the two families are to each other, by special features used such as the Capulet boys seem to be more violent then the other household. This would create a picture in the readers mind of two families who are the same and the families are friends. Dignity, a word that describes a calm and serious manner or style of a person, a person showing suitable formalities and the word can also mean a person with a high ranking. Fair, a word that Shakespeare has used to describe the place Verona where the scene is set, but this word describes the place in a hypocritical way as this is found out later on in the story. Ancient, is a word giving the audience an idea of a very long history of something. Grudge, an attractive word, a word that is describing the state of the war between the two households, a word meaning a feel of resentment, or allowing something to happen. New, a word used by the writer to contrast with the word ancient. Mutiny, a powerful word as well as attractive, meaning a change. Blood word, that Shakespeare has used to create the picture in the readers head of non-stop violence and people getting hurt for the reason of the quarrels between the two households. Fatal, a word that changes the atmosphere and the mood, this word means something lethal or deadly. Loins, this word means two sides and it is a pun, in this play Shakespeare has used this word to make the reader image of the two buildings standing side-by-side with a small gap in between, this word can also mean the two sides which is love and hate. Foe, another superior word meaning enemy. Strife, a word meaning trouble and fighting Star-crossed lovers, a word which has the ability to adjust the mood, a word used by Shakespeare to play with the readers thoughts and illusions, this word suggests a completely different outcome to the beginning of the prologue. Misadventured, means a bad luck, or a death caused unintentionally by a deliberate act but with no crime involved. Shakespeare chooses this word because this one word can briefly explain of what happens to the star-crossed lovers. Piteous, means an act of sadness or something pathetic, this word is a pun (words with two meanings) because it can mean to describe the sadness of the story and also the pathetic act of the lovers. Shakespeare might have chosen this word because it has got two meanings (a pun). Death-marked, something intended to die, these are interesting descriptive words used by Shakespeare. Two hours traffic, Shakespeare has used interesting imaginative words in order to grab the readers attention to the story and he has used these words to describe how the two household arguments has become a public issue, and how it affects the city. In contrast Baz Luhrmann had the advantage to use modern techniques as well as special effects and this is how he made his prologue much more attractive through the use of pictures and sounds. Shakespeares play is script version, and Baz Luhrmanns version is video version, which is easy to understand and can be viewed by anyone, as it can be viewed on the modern appliance, which is a television, an appliance which was not invented in Shakespeares time. Baz Luhrmann has taken his modern version of the play further, by presenting the prologue in a very rare and unique way as he has starts to bring the play into the modern world by presenting his prologue with a technique of a television within a television to create special effects. Baz Luhrmann has and has created an effect, which would have been impossible in Shakespeares time and this would be attractive to the modern world as it is something out of the ordinary. Baz Luhrmann presents a distant television for the prologue and the prologue itself has been shown in a very unique and modern way. The television is flicking through the channels, the twentieth century fox presents and a Bazmark production signs are shown on two channels and the television flicks to a news channel, this suggests Baz Luhrmann is flicking through the channels until he finds something of his interest. The prologue is shown as a news report, Luhrmann has used broadcasting to make the audience accept the story. The news is a modern feature and it is very important in the modern world, which Luhrmann has used as a resource to attract a modern audience, he has presented the news report to resemble to a real news report. The anchor women is a news presenter who has been particularly chosen by Luhrmann to be a female, because this would not be done in Shakespeares time as woman where not allowed to act on stage, this suggests that Luhrmann has started bringing the play into the modern world by some use of female actresses. The use of woman in the play suggests that Luhrmann has carefully thought of all the biggest to the smallest factors, which would create an atmosphere resembling to the modern world. The woman speaks in a very serious and formal manner, in a restrained tone of breaking news, as she says the prologue it can be seen that the distant television is slowly drifting forwards, as if the audience are being invited into the scene. In the top right hand corner there is a picture of a broken Wedding ring, slightly joined back together with the words I love thee engraved on it, this ring symbolises the love of Romeo Juliet and a heart being broken, or the two-star crossed lovers not have been able to unite. Underneath this picture it says the words star-crossed lovers, this suggests the lovers where doomed or where not able to be together. As the news presenter is about to finish her lines, the television stops drifting closer to the audience and after the she has finished, the television is made larger and a effect is created by Luhrmann, which makes the audience think as if they are zooming right into the television and then the place where the scene is set is shown. Baz Luhrmann has used a special effect, which makes the audience think they have now entered into the scene. The city is shown in fast-pace, a technique which gives the audience a quick preview of the city as if Luhrmann is giving the audience a quick introduction to the city, this fast-pace technique can be seen as a fast non-stop journey. This technique is as if the audience are flying past all the buildings in the place and are focusing into the particular parts of the city, where the two families live. This fast-pace is done by Luhrmann to get to the main points, which are the words In fair Verona flashing four times and the word fair shows some use of hypocrisy (a statement which is false). The word fair is describing the city as unblemished and a clean place, but later in the story Luhrmann reveals the violence and corruption through the common modern corruption play, which is prostitution violence in the city. The words In fair Verona also give an idea to the audience that they have now entered the city. Baz Luhrmann has chose very fast loud serious religious Christianity music, for the city introduction part and this has been chosen by him to work well with the fast-pace technique and the In fair Verona words and the viewing of the city, the music sums all these effect to create a special climax effect. Shakespeares use of imaginative words works miraculously well to create a good illusion in the readers mind but Luhrmanns use of techniques, effects, features, pictures, and clippings suggests Luhrmanns production to be more exceedingly attractive, understandable and a successful evolution from Shakespeares written play. A statue of Christ being constructed in between the two households, Luhrmann has used this statue to symbolise the two households being kept apart, they cannot be together and theyre in competition with each other. Most specifically this statue standing in between the two buildings symbolises love between hate. Baz Luhrmann has once more repeated the prologue, but this time in a different form and manner, as this time the actual plot is shown and pictures and extreme clips are shown from the story and a third person is narrating. The camera cranes further up to an aerial-view wide-shot of the city, an enormous statue of Christ flanked by two towering glass office blocks, one submitted with the name Capulet and the other, Montague. This is a key image, the corporation buildings with the statue of Christ squarely between them are a potent symbol of the forces, which motivate, dominate and divide the people in the story. These two buildings are shown and Luhrmann has made it easy to understand of which family lives in which building as pictures of Montague, lady Montague and Romeo as a child is shown on the left building and Capulet, lady Capulet and Juliet as a child is shown on the right building and these buildings are divided up by Christ. Prospero in the first act of the play EssayIn the end of the petrol station scene, the petrol station is completely annihilated, which shows the private war causing problems for the public. Baz Luhrmann has used a modern colour for Gregorys hair (pink) and in Shakespeares time, people did not dye their hair so Luhrmann has shown a modern feature by representing unique colour dyed hair. The use of colour co-ordination, which Baz Luhrmann has used into choosing, the colours of the cars that the households drive are chosen to suit the households. This is suggested because the Montague boys are more open and wild to the natural world, and Luhrmann has chosen a trendy light shining yellow coloured car to suit the personality of the Montague boys and to suit with the time of day and weather. In contrast Luhrmann has chosen a dark abominable angry blue colour for the Capulet boys, Luhrmann has used this colour to represent the deep utter difference between the two households. Luhrmann has chosen this colour to suit the personality of the Capulet boys, as the boys dress in dark colours and are hard, the colour scheme works with the personality of the boys. Luhrmann introduces the Capulet family in a more serious practical manner, this is suggested because the Capulet car is a common colour and it has tinted windows; this suggests use of modern features. The colours, which Luhrmann has used for the dressing of the Montague boys, are effective modern colours, and they show the insight of the personality of Montague boys. In contrast the Capulet boys are shown to be very different by Luhrmann, as he has used colour combinations to show the difference of the two households. The Capulet boys dress very different to the Montague boys because they wear dark black clothes and silver shoes, cowboy style. Not only does Luhrmann show use of car colours and the colours of clothes, but to show the darkness of the Capulet household to contrast it with the colourful Montague household, Luhrmann has gone as far as using eye colours to contrast the difference between the two households. When the camera shows a close up shot to the eyes of Tybalt and Benvolio, the difference of the two households is shown by Tybalts dark brown eyes contrasting with Benvolios innocent light blue eyes and it can be suggested that Luhrmann used the modern eye technology of eye contacts to create this effect. When Romeo is introduced the background colour of the sun, suggests Luhrmann chose this particular part of Verona to shoot this scene, to separate the love from hate by showing love conquering hate and the colours also gives an idea of the modern use in the play. When Romeo starts to walk, the colours change and from the sun shining on Romeo, the colours become positive and sharp, to portray Romeo coming back to the real world from his dream world. The modern world can be seen in the story, by just looking at the colour of the sky (light blue), which is a modern colour. The costumes work well as an element in the films design, because they illuminate an important element of the character who wears the clothes. The set design, however, is even more complicated in its details. Again, Luhrmann fills the screen with references; you could even look for the Shakespeare allusions in some scenes. Baz Luhrmann has considered that music is one of the effective techniques, which he can use to bring Romeo Juliet into the modern world and by using music he can set the moods for each part where it is appropriate and create certain effects. Luhrmann has modernised Romeo Juliet with the use of music as well as features. Baz Luhrmann has used a different sort of music for the prologue, because he has used serious religious Christianity music, and this causes the audience into being attracted to the story and it sets the mood, to a very serious audience, this music has the ability to represent religion as being one of the themes in this play. This serious music blends well with the statue of Christ. To contrast with this Luhrmann has used very loud heavy rock music, for when the Montague boys are introduced, this music creates a mood that makes the audience relax and act normal. A narrator shouts out in a particular part of the music the words the boys, the boys, a very different tone of accent, it suits the tone of the music, and the accent is modern with which it is trying to give the audience an impression of the Montague boys as being hard rock boys. In contrast to this, to provoke the difference between the two households, when the Capulet boys are introduced, the music changes straight away to Western music, which sets a mood to the audience that they find it attractive and interesting. These two different types of musics for the entrance of the boys represent the differences between the households. The brawl between the boys starts which activates the western styled war music, which blends very well with the camera effects. There is a lot of frequent change of music depending on which character is being shown, this suggests that Luhrmann has chosen particular music for each characters. When Benvolio is introduced, the music changes to western surprising music, which has been chosen to attract the audience, to this tension moment. When Benvolio says, put up your swords, a length of silence is used to create tension in the scene, until Tybalt is introduced, where the music changes again and creates more tension. The music changes when the fighting starts to western war music, which would set a different mood and it would start to reveal the true normal life of the two households (arguments and fights). Once the 3rd brawl has started, the music changes back to the religious Christianity serious music, this creates a mood of the war never ending. When the Prince tells Tybalt and Benvolio to drop their guns, the music stops, which is as though trouble has stopped only for a while. Once Romeos parents are introduced, the music completely changes, from serious music to love music as the story is drifting from the public life to the private life of Romeo, Luhrmann has used music to show the modern way of changing moods and shifting back and forth from public lives to private lives. Some of the camera techniques and effects are very effective and do play an important part into bringing the play in the modern world. The techniques create special effects as the camera men has used shots, which go from letting the audience know where the scene is set, to who is in the scene and introductions to both sides of the households. The camera techniques are very positive to the point and are kept the same throughout the whole scene. A good camera technique was when Tybalt came out of his car, the camera shot flew and zoomed straight from the edge of the back tires to see who was about to come out of the car, and the zooming in was done very fast, in a effective stance and a modern move. When Tybalt has come out of his car he crushes his cigarette and after he leaves the car, the camcorder angle is still facing down at the crushed cigarette until Abra also comes out, this is when the nuns appear and the camera follows the leading nun. When the nuns go passed and Abra comes out of the car, the music tone changes and its the sort of music used by Luhrmann, which sounds surprising, this music creates an effect that Abra is a very dangerous man in the story. After the girls and nuns are in the van the camera comes to a side and very fast movement occurs where the van leaves very quickly and the camera catches sight of Abras face for the first time. The camera zooms right to Abras face, making a close-up shot, and a c lose up shot has been used a lot of times in the scene. When Benvolios and Tybalts eyes are shown a close up shot is used, when the camera cranes up to meet the dark cold eyes and feline smile of Tybalt a close up shot is used, these types of shots are modern special effects of a camcorder. When the brawl starts the full panoply of effects from a modern action movie, is used and rapid sequence of cuts, whip pans, tilts, extreme close-ups, distortions, slam zooms, and crane shots are used. Baz Luhrmann makes it very clear of where the scene is set by using different camera techniques used to showing the petrol station board, and the petrol pumps, which can also represent danger, as well as a public place. The striking and powerful effect that Luhrmann has used is special features, which create atmosphere and reveals the truth. A special effect is created when Tybalt comes out of his car and crushes his cigarette and innocent nuns pass by where the cigarette is, this refers back to religion and this suggests from changing to a hard rock mood to a sympathetic mood, also representing love and hate. One of the special effect that Luhrmann has created is when Benvolio has his gun out and the camera focuses on a board reading Add more fuel to your fire, this sign is not only representing the danger at the petrol station but it portrays Tybalt adding more fear and resentment to the war. At this point the way Luhrmann has used the end part of the guns to display the logos of the two households, is very good, as this seems modern. Baz Luhrmann has used modern weapons in his version, as he has used guns instead of swords, but to represent the gun with Shakespeares old weapons of swords it is printed on the guns sword 9mm, which is a clever idea of Luhrmann to bringing the play into the modern world but also representing the olden world. In the film a gun is referred to as a sword as Benvolio says, put up thy sword down. Much of the play involves the lovers struggle against public and social institutions; these institutions often conflict with each other. The importance of honour, for example, time and again results in the brawls that disturb the publics peace. Baz Luhrmanns version of the play focuses on romantic love, love at first sight, love that supersedes all other values, loyalties and emotions. Romeo Juliet does not make a specific moral statement about the relationships between love and society, religion and family. It portrays the chaos and passion of being in love, as this is shown in the line heres much to do with hate, but more with love. This play deals with love, hate, envy, death, corruption and fate. The themes of love and hate permeate Romeo and Juliet and they are always connected to passion, whether that passion is love or hate. In this story love is understood to be a gentle nourishing thing, love between Romeo and Juliet is a grand passion, and as such it is blinding. This theme continues through the play until the end where there is a double suicide. This tragic choice is the highest most potent expression of love that Romeo Juliet can make. It is only through death that they can preserve their love Baz Luhrmann has blended the idea of the guns and violence in with the religious signs (crosses) and love. Throughout the video Luhrmann has referred back to religion several times to include the theme of religion as being important in the story. Baz Luhrmann introduces the boys individually from the Montague and Capulet households both driving the same types of sports cars, which suggests both households to be alike, these cars also are to the modern standards and these are cars, which would not have been present at Shakespeares time. From the modern day language to sporty cars, Baz Luhrmann has taken all these small features into account and has considered creating modernism in his version. Baz Luhrmann has used a very good type of technique to make it clear to the audience, by using the car number plates to identify and tell the audience of which households each groups of boys are, Luhrmann has used private number plates to specify the households, and private number plating is a modern feature. The way the Capulet boys dress and their behaviour contrasts with the Montague boys, as the dressing of the boys is much more intellectual and formal, the behaviour is much more superior to the behaviour of Montague boys. Baz Luhrmann has changed the name of Abram in his version to Abra, for a modern name. Baz Luhrmann has used different techniques such as oxymorons and hypocrisy, Luhrmann shows use of oxymorons, through Romeos role, as Romeo is writing these in his dairy and oxymorons are words or phrases which are put side by side to make the audience think about how opposites can be true.